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Cost includes replacement units, parts, labour, two-way logistics, channel compensation and tied-up inventory. Counting only the product value credited by a supplier understates the effect on the distribution network.

The number of models in a catalogue is not the first measure of capability. More useful questions are whether the supplier has clearly defined core categories, whether related models use reasonably stable product platforms, and whether critical components, tooling, assembly and testing form a coherent production process.